Element IA3: Loss Causation and Incident Investigation

1. Theories/Models and Use of Loss Causation Techniques                                                                                                  3-3
   • Accident/Incident Ratio Studies                                                                                                      3-3
   • Domino and Multi-Causality Theories                                                                                               3-4
   • Single Cause Domino Theory                                                                                                          3-5
   • Reason’s Model of Accident Causation                                                                                           3-8
   • Behavioural Root Cause Analysis                                                                                                         3-11
   • Study Questions                                                                                                                          3-11
2. Quantitative Analysis of Accident and Ill-Health Data                                                                                                    3-12
   • Calculating Loss Rates from Raw Data                                                                                                   3-12
   • Presenting and Interpreting Loss Event Data                                                                                  3-13
   • Principles of Statistical Variability, Validity and the Use of Distributions                                           3-16
   • Study Question                                                                                                                            3-18
3. Reporting and Recording of Loss Events (Injuries, Ill Health, Dangerous Occurrences) and Near Misses               3-19
   • Reporting Requirements and Procedures                                                                                       3-19
   • Internal Reporting and Recording                                                                                                  3-21
   • Study Questions                                                                                                                          3-27
4. Loss and Near-Miss Investigations                                                                                                                                      3-28
   • Implied Legal Requirements                                                                                                          3-28
   • Reasons for Carrying Out Investigations                                                                                        3-29
   • Benefits of Carrying Out Investigations                                                                                          3-30
   • Investigation Procedures and Methodologies                                                                                 3-31
   • Communications Focusing on Remedial Actions and Lessons Learnt                                               3-37
   • Study Questions          3-38